Examples: Jilu axona, Azerbaijan Jewish axxona/axona (Garbell 1965, 297), Tisqopa axona (Rubba, private interaction)

(20) The term for ‘brother’, aha when you look at the BT, has additionally become enhanced, even though this form is additionally included in Turoyo. Hertevin enjoys one another ?aha and you will ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic has only aha (Macuch 1965, 495).

Likewise, exterior NENA, i have other terminology: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)

(21) You to definitely instead mystical items https://datingranking.net/cs/swingingheaven-recenze/ which is attested throughout NENA languages but Sanandaj Christian (and that probably only a spin gap on the facts) is actually aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues this phrase comes throughout the options ql ‘to feel crooked’. The languages use the setting aqla, except Koy Sanjaq aqla and Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.

(22) Several other phrase chatted about by Krotkoff (1985, 131-thirty-two, 134) is baxta ‘woman’, that has supplanted the fresh Syriac atta throughout NENA, yet not during the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic. So it term appears to result of Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It is fascinating to remember you to an irregular plural endures into the multiple languages: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you will Halabja inse.

(23) Surprise advancement talked about from the Noldeke (1868, 59) are rxata, corresponding to Syriac rhat. The alteration of h to x in this one-word is actually included in every NENA languages where the verb is actually attested. Examples: Sanandaj Religious raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi roentgen-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).

(24) Various other unforeseen creativity is the NENA verb ‘fear’, which takes new forms zda?an effective, zdaya, and you will zdala from the various dialects. Macuch and Panoussi (1974, 50) offer a potential derivation regarding Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Forms towards the infixed d are located throughout this new NENA languages where in fact the root is actually attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-dreading (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)

Never assume all of your own determining attributes of NENA are located in both Turoyo otherwise Mandaic

I think the more than helps it be clear your NENA dialects share numerous unique traits being receive none in the last attested forms of Aramaic nor on most other traditions languages. These features variety across the domain names away from phonology, morphology, while the lexicon.

Particularly, every languages of NENA concur in the standards 2, nine, 14, fifteen, sixteen, 21, and you can twenty-two. All dialects where you will find suggestions plus agree on standards 20, 23, and you can twenty four.

All but Halabja consent inside the conditions 8 and 11. Requirement 6 is found in all of the languages except Halabja, Hertevin, and Sanandaj Religious.

Even after the interior departments, new NENA languages form a stunningly defined class, split certainly away from one another Turoyo and you can Mandaic. The career of these dialects outside of the NENA soft may be out of concern.

The degree that possess is common across NENA is specially impressive when we think about the astounding differences between different dialects. This new influence regarding almost every other dialects towards the NENA might have been both deep and you will greater, and also the standard of shared intelligibility ranging from dialects can be very short. The many shared designs dispute firmly having a common provider out of brand new NENA languages, either in just one dialect or in a group of directly related languages. At the same time, we can discern a number of important bundles out of isoglosses and this represent the fresh limits regarding dialect groups.

a) The new dialect of Halabja will not display certain essential designs and this are located thanks to most of the other countries in the dialects. It will not setting a good CCiC-le preterite off intransitive verbs (8), it has no b(it)- coming marker (10), possesses zero 3rd person only 1 copula with 1 (11). This is exactly the most simple division anywhere between dialects out-of NENA. It indicates that left dialects mode a team by which designs give while you are Halabja remained unchanged from the her or him.